The Orign of Bones Essay - 1278 Words

Haller (1763) injected a clear fluid into the periosteum showing that â€Å"the origin of bone is the artery carrying the blood and in it the mineral elements† putting forward the idea that the cardiovascular system was responsible for bone formation. This was supported by the previous work of Hunter (1754) Pritchard (1946) studied what triggers osteogenesis: the same stimulus causing inflammation or mechanical stress. How was the study conducted? Pritchard (1946) suggested osteogenesis is a result of humoral stimulus not mechanical in relation to the skull vault. Two groups of Lister strain of black and white hooded Norwegian rats were used. Young rats, six to eighteen month old, were used due to their rapid and vigorous cellular response.†¦show more content†¦He initially determined the cellular sequence of bone remodelling as endothelial cells, intermediate cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclast and that the capillary-sinusoid vessel acts as the initial framework on which this process rests. This study showed that the endothelium of the capillary system houses the cells responsible for bone formation. Lindholm et al. (1964) were aware, from previous studies, that mast cells transfer calcium ions to different tissues. They counted the variation in mast cell number between 400 Wistar rats with a fractured leg. Histological samples of the callus were treated using led acetate fixation and toluidine blue staining to enable the visibility of the mast cells under a light microscope. Their study showed that mast cell counts varied in the normal course of events of bone repair They concluded that mast cells are responsible for transporting calcium during the mineral phase of callus formation They suggest that degranulation of these cells as being an essential process in bone repair and put forward the idea that without this process normal callus mineralisation would not be hindered Rhinelander (1974) suggests that because there is damage to blood vessels during a fracture, there is reduced